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+---
+tags: VQE, NISQ, Noise, Numerical
+sort-date: 2024-04-12
+description: We provide a framework for producing shallow ADAPT-VQE circuits and analyse their robustness to noise.
+---
+
+[[/index|Christopher K. Long]]<a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3230-942X"><font color="#a6ce39"><i class='fa-brands fa-orcid'></i></font></a>,
+Kieran Dalton<a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2416-356X"><font color="#a6ce39"><i class='fa-brands fa-orcid'></i></font></a>,
+Crispin H. W. Barnes<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-7245"><font color="#a6ce39"><i class='fa-brands fa-orcid'></i></font></a>,
+David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-0352"><font color="#a6ce39"><i class='fa-brands fa-orcid'></i></font></a>,
+and Normann Mertig<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-7141"><font color="#a6ce39"><i class='fa-brands fa-orcid'></i></font></a>
+
+Published: 12 April 2024
+
+DOI: [10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413)
+
+[[PDFs/Layering and subpool exploration for adaptive variational quantum eigensolvers: Reducing circuit depth, runtime, and susceptibility to noise.pdf|PDF Download]]
+
+# Abstract
+
+> Adaptive variational quantum eigensolvers (ADAPT-VQEs) are promising candidates for simulations of strongly correlated systems on near-term quantum hardware. To further improve the noise resilience of these algorithms, recent efforts have been directed towards compactifying, or *layering*, their *Ansatz* circuits. Here, we broaden the understanding of the algorithmic layering process in three ways. First, we investigate the noncommutation relations between the different elements that are used to build ADAPT-VQE *Ansätze*. In doing so, we develop a framework for studying and developing layering algorithms, which produce shallower circuits. Second, based on this framework, we develop a new subroutine that can reduce the number of quantum-processor calls by optimizing the selection procedure with which a variational quantum algorithm appends Ansatz elements. Third, we provide a thorough numerical investigation of the noise-resilience improvement available via layering the circuits of ADAPT-VQE algorithms. We find that layering leads to an improved noise resilience with respect to amplitude-damping and dephasing noise, which, in general, affect idling and nonidling qubits alike. With respect to depolarizing noise, which tends to affect only actively manipulated qubits, we observe no advantage of layering.
+
+# Citation
+
+Christopher K. Long, Kieran Dalton, Crispin H. W. Barnes, David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur, and Normann Mertig. Layering and subpool exploration for adaptive variational quantum eigensolvers: Reducing circuit depth, runtime, and susceptibility to noise, *Phys. Rev. A* **109**, 042413 (2024), DOI: [10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413).
+
+## BibTeX
+
+```bibtex
+@article{PhysRevA.109.042413,
+    title = {Layering and subpool exploration for adaptive variational quantum eigensolvers: Reducing circuit depth, runtime, and susceptibility to noise},
+    author = {Long, Christopher K. and Dalton, Kieran and Barnes, Crispin H. W. and Arvidsson-Shukur, David R. M. and Mertig, Normann},
+    journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
+    volume = {109},
+    issue = {4},
+    pages = {042413},
+    numpages = {32},
+    year = {2024},
+    month = {Apr},
+    publisher = {American Physical Society},
+    doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413},
+    url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.042413}
+}
+```
+
+# Previous version
+
+- Tue, 22 Aug 2023 18:00:02 UTC: [*https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11708v1*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11708v1). Downloads: [[PDFs/2308.11708v1.pdf|PDF]], [[TeX_Source/2308.11708v1.tar.gz|TeX Source]]
+
+# Analytics
+
+- [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&citation_for_view=GRSIcsEAAAAJ:Tyk-4Ss8FVUC)
+- [SciRate](https://scirate.com/arxiv/2308.11708)
+- [INSPIRE-HEP](https://inspirehep.net/literature/2690447)
+- [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Layering-and-subpool-exploration-for-adaptive-and-Long-Dalton/ee804a7e3703d93a96b0dfaa498e29e6faa3fcdf)
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